| What it is |
Sequential combined HRT tablet containing estradiol (oestrogen) and norethisterone (progestogen). You take oestrogen-only tablets first, then combined tablets each cycle. |
Continuous combined HRT patch with estradiol + norethisterone in one patch, releasing hormones steadily through the skin. |
Transdermal estradiol gel (Oestrogel) applied to the skin, plus micronised "body-identical" progesterone (Utrogestan) capsules taken by mouth. |
| How it's taken/used |
1 tablet daily – a course of oestrogen tablets for part of the month, followed by combined tablets for the rest, usually leading to a predictable monthly bleed. |
1 patch worn at a time, changed twice weekly, giving both hormones every day with no tablet breaks. Designed for women whose periods have stopped for 12+ months. |
Oestrogel is usually applied once daily (1–4 pumps depending on dose) to clean, dry skin; Utrogestan is taken on specific days each month (sequential) or daily (continuous) as directed, for womb protection. |
| Bleeding pattern |
Regular withdrawal bleed once a month is expected (like a light period), especially in the early years after menopause. |
Aims for no monthly bleed – suitable once you are postmenopausal; some spotting can occur initially. |
Depends on regimen: can be sequential (monthly bleed) or continuous (no planned bleed) once you're further past menopause. |
| Who it may suit |
Those who: are still relatively early post-menopause, prefer tablets, and don't mind a predictable monthly bleed. |
Those who: are postmenopausal (≥12 months since last period), want no planned bleeding, and prefer patches (useful if you have migraine, higher clot risk, or don't tolerate tablets). |
Those who: prefer a "body-identical" approach with transdermal oestrogen and micronised progesterone, wish to minimise clot risk (transdermal route) and may be sensitive to synthetic progestogens. |
| Pros |
Simple once-daily tablet; combines both hormones in one pack; well-established option for many women. |
Convenient twice-weekly patch change, steady hormone levels, avoids first-pass through the liver, and may have lower clot risk than oral HRT. |
Flexible gel dosing; transdermal oestrogen (good for those with risk factors where patches/gels preferred); Utrogestan is body-identical progesterone, often better tolerated. |
| Key considerations |
Not suitable if you cannot take oral combined HRT (e.g. certain clot/cancer histories). Needs regular review; small increase in breast cancer risk with longer-term combined HRT. |
Must remember to change patches regularly and rotate sites; not suitable for everyone (e.g. some skin conditions, adhesive allergy). |
Needs you to use two products correctly (gel + capsules); regime must be followed carefully to ensure womb lining is protected. Dose and schedule are individualised by your prescriber. |